Transverse & Longitudinal Waves — GCSE Physics Revision
Revise Transverse & Longitudinal Waves for GCSE Physics. Step-by-step explanation, worked examples, common mistakes and exam-style practice aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP.
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Go to Wave Speed EquationWhat is Transverse & Longitudinal Waves?
Waves can be classified as either transverse or longitudinal. In a transverse wave, the oscillations (vibrations) are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (e.g., light, ripples on water). In a longitudinal wave, the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer (e.g., sound).
Board notes: Covered by all major boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR). Being able to describe and give examples of both wave types is essential.
Step-by-step explanationWorked example
A sound wave travels through air, causing air particles to move back and forth. Is this a transverse or longitudinal wave? Explain why. Solution: This is a longitudinal wave. The air particles are oscillating back and forth in the same direction that the sound energy is travelling.
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Common mistakes
- 1Confusing the direction of oscillation for each type of wave. Remember: Transverse is like a snake wiggling side-to-side, Longitudinal is like a spring compressing and expanding.
- 2Forgetting that both types of wave transfer energy without transferring matter.
- 3Not being able to give examples of each type. Light and all electromagnetic waves are transverse. Sound is the key example of a longitudinal wave.
Transverse & Longitudinal Waves exam questions
Exam-style questions for Transverse & Longitudinal Waves with mark-scheme style solutions and timing practice. Aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP specifications.
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Step-by-step method
Step-by-step explanation
4 steps · Worked method for Transverse & Longitudinal Waves
Core concept
Waves can be classified as either transverse or longitudinal. In a transverse wave, the oscillations (vibrations) are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (e.g., light, ripples on water).…
Frequently asked questions
What are the parts of a longitudinal wave called?
A longitudinal wave is made up of compressions (areas where the particles are close together) and rarefactions (areas where the particles are spread out).
Are electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal?
All electromagnetic waves, including light, radio waves, and X-rays, are transverse waves.