Gas Pressure & Temperature — GCSE Physics Revision
Revise Gas Pressure & Temperature for GCSE Physics. Step-by-step explanation, worked examples, common mistakes and exam-style practice aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP.
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Go to Density (GCSE)What is Gas Pressure & Temperature?
For a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (in Kelvin). This means if you double the absolute temperature, you double the pressure. This is because the particles have more kinetic energy and collide with the container walls more often and more forcefully.
Board notes: A Higher Tier topic for all major GCSE Physics boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR). The use of the Kelvin scale is important.
Step-by-step explanationWorked example
A gas in a sealed container at 27°C has a pressure of 100 kPa. What will the pressure be if it is heated to 127°C? Solution: First, convert temperatures to Kelvin: T1 = 27 + 273 = 300K, T2 = 127 + 273 = 400K. Since P1/T1 = P2/T2, then P2 = P1 x (T2/T1). P2 = 100 kPa x (400K / 300K) = 133.3 kPa.
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Common mistakes
- 1Using temperature in degrees Celsius instead of Kelvin. For the direct proportionality relationship to hold, you must use the absolute temperature scale (Kelvin). To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.
- 2Forgetting that the volume must be constant. If the volume can change, the relationship between pressure and temperature is different.
- 3Confusing the relationship with Boyle's Law (pressure and volume).
Gas Pressure & Temperature exam questions
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Step-by-step method
Step-by-step explanation
4 steps · Worked method for Gas Pressure & Temperature
Core concept
For a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (in Kelvin). This means if you double the absolute temperature, you double the pressure.…
Frequently asked questions
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273°C) is the theoretical temperature at which particles have minimum internal energy and motion stops. It is the lowest possible temperature.
What is the relationship between gas pressure and temperature?
For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (in Kelvin). This is known as Gay-Lussac's Law.