Contamination & Irradiation — GCSE Physics Revision
Revise Contamination & Irradiation for GCSE Physics. Step-by-step explanation, worked examples, common mistakes and exam-style practice aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP.
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Go to Atoms & IsotopesWhat is Contamination & Irradiation?
Irradiation is the process of exposing an object to nuclear radiation. The object does not become radioactive itself. Contamination is when a radioactive substance is transferred onto or into an object. The object then becomes radioactive itself. For example, a person can be irradiated by having an X-ray, but they are contaminated if they swallow a radioactive source.
Board notes: A key distinction required by all GCSE Physics boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR). The different risks and precautions are important.
Step-by-step explanationWorked example
A doctor uses a gamma source to sterilise a metal scalpel. Is the scalpel irradiated or contaminated? Is it safe to use afterwards? Solution: The scalpel is irradiated. It has been exposed to gamma radiation, which kills any bacteria. It is not contaminated, so it does not become radioactive and is safe to use.
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Common mistakes
- 1Confusing irradiation and contamination. This is a very common mistake. Irradiated objects are not radioactive; contaminated objects are.
- 2Thinking that irradiation is always harmful. Low doses of radiation are used for medical imaging and sterilising food and medical equipment.
- 3Not knowing how to protect against each. Shielding protects against irradiation, while protective clothing and careful handling prevent contamination.
Contamination & Irradiation exam questions
Exam-style questions for Contamination & Irradiation with mark-scheme style solutions and timing practice. Aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP specifications.
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Step-by-step method
Step-by-step explanation
4 steps · Worked method for Contamination & Irradiation
Core concept
Irradiation is the process of exposing an object to nuclear radiation. The object does not become radioactive itself. Contamination is when a radioactive substance is transferred onto or into an objec…
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between contamination and irradiation?
Irradiation is exposure to radiation, but the object doesn't become radioactive. Contamination is the unwanted presence of a radioactive substance, which makes the object radioactive.
How can you reduce the risk from a radioactive source?
You can reduce the risk by increasing the distance from the source, reducing the time of exposure, and using appropriate shielding between you and the source.