Clayton Paul Alderfer
Clayton Paul Alderfer is an American
psychologist who further expanded Maslow's hierarchy of needs by
categorizing the hierarchy into his
ERG
theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). Alderfer categorized the
lower order needs (Physiological and Safety) into the Existence
category. He fit
Maslow's interpersonal love and esteem needs into the relatedness
category. The growth category contained the Self Actualization and self
esteem needs.
Alderfer also proposed a regression theory to go along with the ERG
theory. He said that when needs in a higher category are not met then
individuals redouble the efforts invested in a lower category need. For
example if self actualization or self esteem is not met then individuals
will invest more effort in the relatedness category in the hopes of
achieving the higher need.
Studies of Clayton Alderfer
- Alderfer, C. P. The Methodology of
Organizational Diagnosis, Professional Psychology, 1980, 11,
459-468.
- Alderfer, C. P. An Intergroup
Perspective on Group Dynamics. In J. W. Lorsch (editor), Handbook of
Organizational Behavior, 1987, 190-222.
- Alderfer, C. P. Consulting to
Underbounded Systems, C. P. Alderfer and C. L. Cooper (editors),
Advances in Experiential Social Processes, 1980, 2, 267-295.
- Alderfer, C. P. Improving
organizational communication through long-term intergroup
intervention, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 1977, 13,
193-210.
- Alderfer, C. P. and Brown, L. D.
Learning from changing, 47-56,129-141.
- Alderfer, C.P. (2005). The Five
Laws of Group and Intergroup Dynamics.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERG_theory
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